经济学院知识库

    中国通过改革开放取得了长足的进步，但靠技术引进无法获得核心技术的问题显现，自主科技创新能力跟不上经济新一轮高质量发展的要求。优化营商环境有着提升市场化程度、改善金融环境、完善基础设施和税收环境的功能，营商环境改善对于我国自主科技创新水平提升有积极影响。

    本文首先梳理了之前学者对营商环境和科技创新的相关研究，并简要介绍了我国营商环境和科技创新的现状。其次，从法治化、市场化、金融、基础设施和政务环境五大方面设计了营商环境指标体系，并用主成分分析法计算指标得分。再次，鉴于中国地区发展具有较大的差异性，营商环境对科技创新的影响研究应充分考虑空间效应，本文通过一系列检验，选择空间杜宾模型实证得出：科技创新和营商环境具有显著的空间溢出性；营商环境对高校、企业、科研机构的科技创新影响不同；营商环境和第三产业发展、人力资本、外资使用呈现互补关系，与政府管控冗杂程度呈现替代关系。最后，根据实证研究结果提出针对性建议：政府应发挥主导作用，完善制度体系，并出台相关政策促进营商环境和自主科技创新水平提升；高校、企业和科研机构要注重推行产学研协同发展，打造开放的科技创新平台，提高自主科研能力，掌握关键核心技术。

    China has made considerable progress through reform and opening up, but the problem of not being able to obtain core technologies through technology introduction has emerged, and its independent technological innovation capabilities cannot keep up with the requirements of a new round of high-quality economic development. Optimizing the business environment has the function of increasing the degree of marketization, improving the financial environment, and improving the infrastructure and taxation environment. The improvement of the business environment has a positive impact on the improvement of my country's independent technological innovation level.

    First of all, this article sorts out previous scholars' relevant research on business environment and technological innovation, and briefly introduces the current situation of China's business environment and technological innovation. Secondly, the business environment index system was designed from five aspects: rule of law, marketization, finance, infrastructure and government affairs environment, and the principal component analysis method was used to calculate the index score. Third, in view of the large differences in regional development in China, research on the impact of the business environment on technological innovation should fully consider the spatial effect. Through a series of tests, this paper selects the Spatial Dubin Model to empirically conclude that technological innovation and business environment have Significant spatial spillover; the business environment has different impacts on the technological innovation of universities, enterprises, and scientific research institutions; the business environment has a complementary relationship with the development of the tertiary industry, human capital, and the use of foreign capital, and has an alternative relationship with the degree of government control. Finally, based on the results of empirical research, targeted recommendations are put forward: the government should play a leading role, improve the institutional system, and issue relevant policies to promote the business environment and the level of independent technological innovation; universities, enterprises and scientific research institutions should focus on promoting the coordinated development of industry, university and research. Create an open platform for scientific and technological innovation, improve independent scientific research capabilities, and master key core technologies.