财税与公共管理学院知识库

新质生产力是创新起主导作用，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态，是发展我国社会主义市场经济的新动能。企业作为市场经济主体，在促进技术创新和推动经济高质量发展过程中发挥着重要作用，同时也是发展新质生产力的有力推动者和直接受益者。科学的财税体制是推进高质量发展的重要支撑，精准高效的减税降费政策将有力推动我国企业新质生产力发展和产业转型升级。2012年，伴随着营改增改革，我国正式开启减税降费。此后根据经济发展实际，减税降费政策也在不断调整优化。党的二十届三中全会提出要健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制，这要求为新质生产力发展提供更为坚实的制度保障。因此，在当前我国推进经济高质量发展的背景下，探究减税降费对企业新质生产力的影响具有重要意义。

本文运用文献研究、理论研究和实证研究方法，探讨了减税降费对企业新质生产力的影响。首先，从减税降费、企业新质生产力以及两者之间的关系对现有文献进行了梳理。其次，对主要概念进行界定，并从供给学派减税理论、外部性理论、税收激励理论和供给侧结构性改革的角度分析了本文的理论基础。再次，梳理了减税降费的实施现状，同时在参考现有文献基础上对企业新质生产力水平进行了测算并对结果进行评析。最后，基于2013-2022年上市企业财务报表数据，利用双向固定效应模型实证检验减税降费对企业新质生产力发展的影响，研究发现，减税降费对企业新质生产力的发展具有显著促进作用。进一步研究发现，减税降费主要通过提高企业创新水平、缓解企业融资约束推动企业新质生产力发展。通过异质性分析发现，减税降费对非国有企业、中小企业和制造业的企业新质生产力促进作用更加明显。基于以上研究结论，本文从坚持税收法定原则，加大减税降费对企业科技创新的支持力度，改善税收营商环境，发挥财税金融政策合力这四个方面提出相应的对策建议。

New quality productivity forces is an advanced form of productive forces dominated by innovation and in line with the new development philosophy. New quality productivity forces is a new driving force for the development of China’s socialist market economy. Enterprises, as the main players in the market economy, play an important role in promoting technological innovation and driving high-quality economic development. Enterprises are also an important force and direct beneficiaries in developing new-quality productive forces. A scientific fiscal and tax system is an important support for promoting high-quality development, and precise and efficient tax cuts and fee reductions will strongly promote the development of new quality productivity forces and industrial upgrading of Chinese enterprises. In 2012, China officially launched cutting taxes and fees along with the reform of replacing business tax with value-added tax. Since then, in line with China’s economic development realities, cutting taxes and fees policies have been continuously adjusted and optimized. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party has called for improving the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productivity forces in a location-specific manner. This requirement calls for providing a more solid institutional guarantee for the development of new quality productivity forces. Therefore, in the context of China's current push for high-quality economic development, exploring the impact of cutting taxes and fees on enterprise's new quality productivity forces is of great significance.

This paper employs literature research, theoretical research, and empirical research methods to discuss the impact of cutting taxes and fees on enterprise's new quality productivity forces. Firstly, it reviews the existing literature on cutting taxes and fees, enterprise's new quality productivity forces, and their relationship. Secondly, it defines the main concepts of the paper and analyzes the theoretical foundations from the cutting taxes theory of the Supply-side School, externality theory, tax incentive theory, and supply-side structural reform. Thirdly, it examines the current implementation status of cutting taxes and fees and, referring to existing literature, measures the level of enterprise's new quality productivity forces and evaluates the results. Finally, based on the financial statement data of listed companies from 2013 to 2022, it uses a two-way fixed effects model to empirically test the impact of cutting taxes and fees policies on the development of enterprise's new quality productivity forces. The study finds that cutting taxes and fees have a significant promotional effect on the development of enterprise's new quality productivity forces. Further research reveals that cutting taxes and fees mainly promote the development of enterprise's new quality productivity forces by enhancing the level of enterprise innovation and alleviating financing constraints. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the promotional effect of cutting taxes and fees is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and manufacturing enterprises. Based on the above research conclusions, the paper proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from four aspects: adhering to the principle of tax legality, increasing the support of cutting taxes and fees for enterprise technological innovation, improving the tax business environment, and leveraging the combined force of fiscal, tax and financial policies.