金融学院知识库

摘  要

2017年10月18日，党的十九大把乡村振兴作为确定的重大发展战略之一，其在我国“三农”的发展过程中有着划时代的里程碑意义。在“十四五”规划下，政府工作将“全面推进乡村振兴”作为主要目标之一。2023年2月13日，2023年中央一号文件发布，指出全面建设社会主义现代化国家，最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。党中央认为，必须坚持不懈把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重，举全党全社会之力全面推进乡村振兴，加快农业农村现代化。保持脱贫地区信贷投放力度不减，扎实做好脱贫人口小额信贷工作。乡村振兴战略与农民增收致富、农业提质增效、农村文明进步息息相关。我国农村经济发展与乡村振兴过程中离不开农户信贷资金的支持，据中国人民银行2022年统计数据显示，我国本外币涉农贷款余额达49.25万亿元，同比增长14%，农户信贷余额14.98万亿元，同比增长11.2%，但是当前农户信贷业务仍然存在着诸多风险点。兰州银行立足西北三省，作为一家发展多年的本土金融机构，于2022年1月17日正式登陆深圳交易所主板，成为甘肃省首家A股上市银行，农户信贷业务作为其特色业务，是否能够有效防范风险，是兰州银行服务“三农”经营理念，健康可持续发展的重要内容和主要衡量标准。因此，有必要立足乡村振兴的现实背景，深入分析兰州银行农户信贷业务发展现状、风险防范问题及成因，进一步提出降低农户信贷风险，促进乡村振兴发展的对策建议。

本文在借鉴已有的研究方法的基础上，使用了文献分析法、案例分析法、数据分析法相结合的方式，共分为六个部分。第一部分阐述研究背景和研究意义，并对国内外已有文献进行梳理；第二部分对农户信贷的概念界定和理论基础进行介绍；第三部分分析乡村振兴背景下我国目前农户信贷的发展现状及风险成因；第四部分对兰州银行农户信贷业务及风险防范流程进行案例介绍；第五部分从多角度剖析兰州银行农户信贷当前风险防范存在的问题并进行原因分析；第六部分是建议与启示，对兰州银行农户信贷业务提出建议，同时借本案例对国内乡村振兴背景下社会各方共同参与农户信贷的风险防范提出启示。

关键词：乡村振兴 普惠金融 农户信贷 风险防范  

Abstract

On October 18, 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China identified rural revitalization as one of the major development strategies, which has a landmark significance in the development process of China's "three rural issues". Under the "14th Five Year Plan", the government takes "comprehensively promoting rural revitalization" as one of its main objectives. On February 13, 2023, the No. 1 central document of the Central Committee of the CPC in 2023 was released, pointing out that the most arduous and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is still in the countryside. The Party Central Committee believes that it is necessary to make a good solution to the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the work of the whole Party, and promote rural revitalization and accelerate agricultural and rural modernization with the strength of the whole Party and the whole society. We will continue to extend credit to poverty-stricken areas, and do a solid job of microcredit for the poverty-stricken population. The rural revitalization strategy is closely related to the increase of farmers' income, the improvement of agricultural quality and efficiency, and the progress of rural civilization. China's rural economic development and rural revitalization cannot be separated from the support of farmers' credit funds. According to the statistics of the People's Bank of China in 2022, the balance of domestic and foreign currency agriculture-related loans in China reached 49.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 14% year on year, and the balance of farmers' credit reached 14.98 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.2% year on year. However, there are still many risk points in the current farmers' credit business. Based in the three northwest provinces, Bank of Lanzhou, as a local financial institution that has developed for many years, officially landed on the main board of Shenzhen Stock Exchange on January 17, 2022, becoming the first A-share listed bank in Gansu Province. Whether the farmers' credit business, as its characteristic business, can effectively prevent risks, is an important content and main measure of Bank of Lanzhou's healthy and sustainable development in serving the "three rural" business philosophy. Therefore, based on the realistic background of rural revitalization, it is necessary to deeply analyze the current situation, risk prevention problems and causes of farmers' credit business of Lanzhou Bank, and further put forward countermeasures and suggestions to reduce farmers' credit risk and promote rural revitalization and development.

Based on the existing research methods, this paper uses a combination of literature analysis, case analysis and data analysis, which is divided into six parts. The first part describes the research background and significance, and combs the existing literature at home and abroad; The second part introduces the concept and theoretical basis of farmers' credit; The third part analyzes the current development situation and risk causes of rural household credit in China under the background of rural revitalization; The fourth part introduces the farmer credit business of Lanzhou Bank and the analysis and prevention process; The fifth part analyzes the existing problems and causes of the current risk prevention of Lanzhou Bank's farmers' credit from multiple perspectives; The sixth part is suggestions and enlightenment, which puts forward suggestions on the farmers' credit business of Lanzhou Bank, and uses this case to provide enlightenment on the risk prevention of all social parties participating in the farmers' credit under the background of domestic rural revitalization.

Key words: Rural Revitalization;Inclusive Finance;Farmer Credit;

Risk Prevention