经济学院知识库

在我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的阶段，绿色发展是我国经济发展的方向，全面绿色转型是我国经济发展的重要战略目标。生态环境保护与经济社会发展并行不悖、相互促进是绿色发展的基本要义。绿色技术创新是涉及保护生态环境的发展，更是涉及掌握核心技术的发展。建设全国统一大市场是新时代经济发展的内在要求，畅通各要素流动渠道、促进各创新要素合理有序配置是建设全国统一大市场的关键环节。劳动力是重要的生产要素、创新要素，也是绿色技术创新活动的重要主体，然而改革开放的四十多年，由于依赖廉价劳动力的粗放式增长，我国劳动力市场表现出明显的“低工资”水平，劳动力要素价格是扭曲的。那么扭曲的劳动力价格是否会影响绿色技术创新？如果有，表现为怎样的特点？通过怎样的途径影响？这一系列问题是本文企图回答的。本文具体内容如下：

首先，梳理劳动力价格扭曲和绿色技术创新的相关文献。其次，详细阐述绿色经济发展理论、技术创新理论、消费理论、人力资本理论，在此基础上，提出劳动力价格扭曲通过消费需求效应、人力资本效应抑制绿色技术创新的假说。再次，确定劳动力价格扭曲和绿色技术创新的测度方法，分析劳动力价格扭曲与绿色技术创新的现状和变化趋势。然后，利用我国30个省市2005-2020年面板数据，运用固定效应模型实证检验劳动力价格扭曲对绿色技术创新的影响，检验劳动力价格扭曲影响绿色技术创新的区域异质性、专利类型异质性，检验劳动力价格扭曲影响绿色技术创新的作用机制。

实证结果显示：（1）劳动力价格扭曲显著抑制了绿色技术创新，经过一系列稳健性检验、处理内生性问题后结论依然成立。（2）劳动力价格扭曲影响绿色技术创新表现为区域异质性，即劳动力价格扭曲显著抑制了中部地区绿色技术创新，对东部地区绿色技术创新的抑制作用存在滞后效应，对西部地区的影响不显著。（3）劳动力价格扭曲对绿色技术创新的影响存在专利类型异质性，劳动力价格扭曲显著抑制了绿色实用新型专利代表的策略性绿色创新，对绿色发明专利代表的实质性绿色创新影响不显著。（4）劳动力价格扭曲通过阻碍消费需求、人力资本抑制绿色技术创新，假说得以验证。

最后，基于本文研究结论，提出矫正劳动力价格扭曲，提升绿色技术创新水平的对策建议：持续推进劳动要素市场化改革，矫正劳动力价格扭曲；提高居民收入，刺激绿色技术创新需求；促进人力资本集聚，提升绿色技术创新能力；扩大绿色创新投入，鼓励绿色技术进步。

In the stage of China's comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country, green development is the direction of China's economic development, and comprehensive green transformation is an important strategic goal of China's economic development. Ecological environmental protection and economic and social development go hand in hand and reinforce each other, which is a basic principle of green development. Green technology innovation is related to the development of protecting ecological environment, but also involves the development of mastering core technology. Building a national unified large market is an inherent requirement for economic development in the new era. Unblocking the flow channels of various factors and promoting the rational and orderly allocation of innovative factors are key links in building a national unified large market. Labor is an important factor of production and innovation, as well as an important subject of green technology innovation activities. However, in the 40 years of reform and opening up, due to the extensive growth of cheap labor, the Chinese labor market has shown an obvious "low wage" level, and the price of labor factors is distorted. Will the distorted labor price affect green technology innovation? If so, what are the characteristics? In what way? This paper attempts to answer these questions. The specific content of this paper is as follows:

First, review the literature on labor price distortion and green technology innovation. Secondly, the theory of green economy development, technology innovation theory, consumption theory and human capital theory are elaborated. On this basis, the hypothesis that labor price distortion inhibits green technology innovation through consumption demand effect and human capital effect is put forward. Thirdly, determine the measurement method of labor price distortion and green technology innovation, analyze the status quo and change trend of labor price distortion and green technology innovation. Then, using the panel data of 30 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020, the fixed-effect model was used to empirically test the influence of labor price distortion on green technology innovation, to test the regional heterogeneity and patent type heterogeneity of labor price distortion on green technology innovation, and to test the mechanism of labor price distortion on green technology innovation.

The empirical results show that: (1) labor price distortion significantly inhibits green technology innovation, and the conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity problems.(2) The influence of labor price distortion on green technology innovation shows regional heterogeneity, that is, labor price distortion significantly inhibits green technology innovation in central China, has a lag effect on green technology innovation in eastern China, and has no significant effect on green technology innovation in western China. (3) The effect of labor price distortion on green technology innovation has patent type heterogeneity. Labor price distortion significantly inhibits strategic green innovation of green utility model patent representatives, but has no significant effect on substantive green innovation of green invention patent representatives. (4) The hypothesis is verified by labor price distortion, which impedes consumer demand and human capital inhibits green technology innovation.

Finally, based on the conclusions of this paper, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to correct labor price distortion and improve the level of green technology innovation. Increase household income and stimulate the demand for green technology innovation; Promote the concentration of human capital and enhance the ability of green technology innovation; Expanding green innovation input, to encourage green technology progress.