国际经济与贸易学院知识库

    随着科技发展，近些年全球崛起了很多新兴科技企业，电子产品的市场竞争愈加激烈，中国的科技企业如何走出去，抢占有限的市场份额，成为我国当前乃至“十四五”时期落实企业“走出去”战略的重点议题。可见，在这样的市场经济环境中，如何挖掘竞争优势是企业实现可持续盈利的关键。

    企业竞争优势和盈利能力关系密切，盈利能力稳定可以使企业持续保持竞争优势，两者相辅相成、相互促进。然而，传统盈利能力分析方法主要依托于财务报表，致使企业经营管理者利用数据作出决策时，不能有效根据企业实际状况来解决企业实际困难。因此，财务数据与经营状况进行有效结合才是做出优秀决策的关键。而价值链与财务管理工具的结合具有广泛适用性的优势，与财务报表的结合更能解决传统盈利能力分析的缺陷，这是一种将盈利能力分析与企业发展战略结合在一起的方法，帮助企业决策者作出行之有效的决定，并且决策更加具有适用性、可靠性和广泛性。

    本文选取三星电子公司为研究案例展开分析。首先，三星电子作为电子行业一个成熟的龙头企业，积攒了很多成熟管理经验和实践教训值得研究和学习。以价值链和盈利能力理论为基础，对其盈利现状进行初步判定；其次，基于非财务视角引入价值链对三星电子的各项经营活动展开详细分析。一方面，分别从内部价值链的生产环节、采购环节、研发环节、市场营销环节、仓储物流环节和人力资源环节进行分析；外部纵向价值链的上下游环节进行全面深度剖析，并基于横向价值链视角进行同行可比企业间的比较，从而更加清晰地了解公司目前的盈利现状，发现三星电子各环节存在的投入力度、成本控制、战略选择、监督管理以及关系维护等方面的问题；另一方面，通过构建时间序列模型的方式，发现价值链对三星电子盈利能力提升有显著的正向促进作用。最后，根据本文分析结论，有针对性地提出增强三星电子市场竞争优势，提升盈利能力的改进建议。

With the development of science and technology, many new science and technology enterprises have emerged in the world in recent years, and the market competition of electronic products is becoming more and more fierce. How to go out and seize the limited market of Chinese science and technology enterprises is a difficult problem that many enterprises are facing nowadays. In such a market economy environment, how to tap the competitive advantage is the key to the sustainable profitability of enterprises. Competitive advantage and profitability are closely related. The improvement of profitability is the basis for enterprises to maintain competitive advantage, while competitive advantage is the guarantee for enterprises to obtain profitability. The two complement each other. As traditional profitability analysis is only limited to the financial statements, to enterprise's financial data and operating conditions for effective union, difficult to assist business managers make joint enterprise actual situation, to solve the actual difficulties of decision-making, and the value chain as a new financial management tool has wide applicability can not only improve the disadvantages of traditional profitability analysis method, The profitability analysis of enterprises is closely combined with the development strategy, and on the basis of expanding the extension of the current financial analysis, the managers of enterprises are helped to find operational problems and make targeted improvements, so as to improve the applicability and effectiveness of enterprise decision-making. Therefore, the combination of profitability analysis and value chain management is the inevitable trend of the development of enterprise management.

This paper selects Samsung Electronics as the research case. First of all, as a mature leading enterprise, Samsung Electronics has accumulated a lot of mature management experience, which is worth studying and learning. Similarly, in the process of many years of practice, it also has a lot of experience and lessons. Based on the theory of value chain and profitability, make a preliminary judgment on its current profit situation; Secondly, based on the non-financial perspective, the value chain is introduced to analyze the business activities of Samsung Electronics in detail. On the one hand, it analyzes the production link, procurement link, R & D link, marketing link, warehousing logistics link and human resources link of the internal value chain; Conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the upstream and downstream links of the external vertical value chain, and make a comparison between peer comparable enterprises based on the perspective of the horizontal value chain, so as to have a clearer understanding of the current profit status of the company, and find the problems of investment intensity, cost control, strategic choice, supervision and management and relationship maintenance in all links of Samsung Electronics; On the other hand, by constructing the time series model, it is found that the value chain has a significant positive role in promoting the profitability of Samsung Electronics. Finally, according to the analysis conclusion of this paper, targeted suggestions are put forward to enhance the competitive advantage of Samsung Electronics Market and improve profitability.