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伴随着经济的快速发展，国内基建行业也迎来了新的机遇与挑战，物资采购一直是基建行业生产制造中的重要一环，在整个工程施工中有着至关重要的地位。可是在企业规模不断扩大的同时，物资采购负担也加重了，伴随着招标流程、竞争性谈判、集团公司区域集采、线下询价流程增多，物资采购过程中暴露的问题也越来越多，例如：物资采购计划上报不及时，招标文件中的物资技术规格与实际需要的物资规格不一致，围标、串标情况时有出现，物资采购人员违背廉政协议，物资招标浮于形式化，物资合同表意不明引发合同纠纷，物资采购结算数量与实际进场物资数量不匹配，可周转材料的周转利用效率低，项目现场物资遗失、盗窃情况多次出现等。

本文以中铁大桥局为研究对象，对中铁大桥局物资采购流程进行论述和研究，以求提升其物资采购管理水平。首先，文章介绍了本文的研究背景及意义和国内外文献综述，并提出本文要解决的主要问题。其次介绍了中铁大桥局的基本情况，分析了中铁大桥局物资采购管理现状，从物资计划、市场调查、物资招标、合同签订、物资存储、物资结算、物资核销七个方面分析中铁大桥局物资采购流程，并分析指出公司既有ERP系统存在的缺陷和弊端，探讨对原有的ERP系统进行完善和优化升级的方法，然后采用调查问卷法对中铁大桥局的物资从业人员和部分供应商进行了调查。调查发现中铁大桥局物资采购流程存在物资采购标准不健全，供应商管理与评价体系不完善，物资采购过程中存在围标、串标与低价中标行为，物资材料供应不及时、单价相对较高，物资材料容易丢失、台账与实物不一致，结算单价、数量与合同不相符，既有的ERP系统冗杂、使用效率低等问题。基于以上分析，从完善既有的物资ERP系统，加强基建项目部物资采购流程管控，提高公司后台对物资采购流程监管和提高物资从业人员的职业素质四个方面提出中铁大桥局物资采购流程的优化策略。

本文通过深入分析中铁大桥局物资采购流程的现状和现阶段存在的问题，并进一步提出中铁大桥局物资采购流程优化研究对策，有助于提升中铁大桥局物资采购流程的管理水平。同时，也可以为国内基建企业物资采购流程的优化提升提供借鉴的意义。

With the rapid development of the economy, the domestic infrastructure industry has also ushered in new opportunities and challenges, material procurement has always been an important part of the production and manufacturing of the infrastructure industry, and has a crucial position in the entire project construction. However, while the scale of enterprises continues to expand, the burden of material procurement has also increased. With the increase of bidding process, competitive negotiation, regional collection and offline inquiry process of group companies, more and more problems have been exposed in the process of material procurement, such as: The materials procurement plan is not reported in time, the technical specifications of materials in the bidding documents are inconsistent with the actual specifications of materials needed, the bidding and bidding cases occur many times, the material procurement personnel violate the agreement on clean government, the material bidding is superficial in formalization, the material contract is unclear and leads to contract disputes, and the material procurement settlement quantity does not match the actual quantity of materials entering the market. The turnover utilization efficiency of recyclable materials is low, and the loss and theft of materials on the project site occur many times.

From the perspective of China Railway Bridge Bureau, this paper discusses and studies the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau, in order to improve its material procurement management level. Firstly, the paper introduces the research background and significance of this paper and the literature review at home and abroad, and puts forward the main problems to be solved in this paper. Secondly, it introduces the basic situation of China Railway Bridge Bureau, analyzes the current situation of material procurement management of China Railway Bridge Bureau, analyzes the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau from seven aspects: material planning, market research, material bidding, contract signing, material storage, material settlement and material cancellation, and points out the defects and drawbacks of the company's existing ERP system. The method of improving and optimizing the original ERP system is discussed. Then questionnaire method is used to investigate the material practitioners and some suppliers of China Railway Bridge Bureau. The investigation found that in the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau, there are imperfect material procurement standards, imperfect supplier management and evaluation system, bid-bidding, bid-bidding and low-price winning behaviors in the material procurement process, the supply of materials and materials is not timely, the unit price is relatively high, the materials and materials are easily lost, the ledger is inconsistent with the physical object, and the settlement unit price and quantity are inconsistent with the contract. The existing problems of ERP system are miscellaneous and low efficiency. Based on the above analysis, the optimization strategy of material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau is proposed from four aspects: improving the existing material ERP system, strengthening the material procurement process control of the project department, improving the supervision of the company's background on material procurement process and improving the professional quality of material employees.

Through in-depth analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau, this paper further proposes countermeasures for optimizing the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau, which will help improve the management level of the material procurement process of China Railway Bridge Bureau. At the same time, it can also provide reference for the optimization and improvement of domestic infrastructure enterprises' material procurement process.