金融学院知识库

在人口老龄化问题日益凸显的背景下，我国社会各阶层高度重视，《十四五规划纲要》明确提出实施积极应对人口老龄化的国家战略。人是经济和社会的基本组成单位，在我国人口结构不断变迁、老年人口不断增加的情况下，整个社会各个产业领域的需求端和供给端都将产生深刻的变化，金融产业领域亦是如此。数字普惠金融致力于为社会弱势群体提供有效的金融服务，数量庞大的老年群体也是数字普惠金融的服务对象。老年客户群体的增加必将对数字普惠金融的发展模式与手段产生重大影响。

本文在对人口老龄化和数字普惠金融的概念进行介绍的基础上，通过梳理相关理论，提出了人口老龄化对数字普惠金融影响的机制和相关的实证研究假设，基于2011—2020年省级面板数据，采用固定效应模型对人口老龄化对数字普惠金融的影响展开分析，并对东、中、西部地区进行了区域异质性分析，最后采用更换核心变量和缩短样本区间的方式对回归结果进行稳健性检验。研究结果表明：人口老龄化对数字普惠金融的发展存在抑制效应，并且在中部和西部地区的抑制效应大于东部地区。基于此，本文提出了鼓励生育、营造对老年人友善的社会环境、完善金融供给体系、推动知识普及与加强教育、提高数字普惠金融适老性五点政策建议。

In the context of the rapid development of population aging, aging will become China's long-term basic national conditions. The Outline of the Fourteenth Five Year Plan clearly proposes to implement a national strategy to actively respond to population aging. Man is the basic unit of economy and society. Therefore, in the context of the continuous "aging" of China's population structure, the whole society will have a profound impact on both the demand side and the supply side, as well as in the financial field. Digital inclusive finance is committed to improving effective financial services for social vulnerable groups, so a large number of elderly groups will also affect the further development of digital inclusive finance. Studying the development of digital inclusive finance from the perspective of population aging can not only enrich new research perspectives, but also help our country to cope with the prominent population aging problem, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.

Based on the concepts of population aging and digital inclusive finance, this paper proposes the mechanism and research hypothesis of the impact of population aging on digital inclusive finance by summarizing the life cycle consumption hypothesis, financial exclusion theory, background risk theory and inclusive growth theory. In terms of empirical research, first of all, Based on this, this paper puts forward five policy suggestions to encourage childbirth, create a friendly social environment for the elderly, improve the financial supply system, promote knowledge popularization and education, and improve the ageability of digital financial inclusion.