金融学院知识库

随着数字普惠金融不断融入和改变传统普惠金融业务，业界与学术界对数字普惠金融的相关研究与应用也愈加关注，数字普惠金融的强势发展对商业银行的绩效水平产生了不确定性的影响，在我国商业银行发展的道路上有着不可忽视的作用。

本文主要研究数字普惠金融对我国商业银行绩效是否具有促进作用，同时分析数字普惠金融对不同类型的商业银行影响的差异性。本文选取了我国2011—2021年间的共41家商业银行作为研究样本，其中包含6家大型国有商业银行、9家股份制商业银行、16家城市商业银行和10家农村商业银行，文章选用固定效用模型进行回归分析。首先，通过因子分析法计算得出我国商业银行绩效，以此作为衡量商业银行绩效的指标，再加权计算数字普惠金融指数用来衡量我国商业银行数字普惠金融的发展水平。其次将计算出的商业银行绩效作为被解释变量，数字普惠金融指数作为本文的核心解释变量，加入宏观层面和微观层面的控制变量后进行非平衡面板数据回归。最后，对模型进行了稳健性检验和异质性检验。

文章最终得到如下结论：1）数字普惠金融发展水平与我国商业银行绩效水平呈负相关；2）数字普惠金融发展对不同类型的商业银行绩效的影响存在差异性，具体表现为：大型国有股份制商业银行发展数字普惠金融带来的绩效下滑幅度比非国有股份制商业银行的绩效下滑幅度较小。最后对本文进行了研究总结，并提出了相应的对策建议，具体包括：一是加大科技投入，提高金融产品与服务水平；二是规范风险管理，保障银行健康平稳发展；三是完善法律法规，使商业银行规范发展。

With the continuous integration and change of digital inclusive financial business, the industry and academia are paying more and more attention to the research and application of digital inclusive finance, and the strong development of digital inclusive finance has an uncertain impact on the performance level of commercial banks, which plays a non-negligible role in the development of commercial banks in China.

This paper mainly studies whether digital financial inclusion can promote the performance of commercial banks in China, and analyzes the differences of digital inclusive finance on different types of commercial banks. This paper selects 41 commercial banks in China from 2011 to 2021 as the research sample, including 6 large state-owned commercial banks, 9 joint-stock commercial banks, 16 urban commercial banks and 10 rural commercial banks. This paper uses the fixed utility model for regression analysis. First, the performance of commercial banks in China is calculated by factor analysis, which is used as an indicator to measure the performance of commercial banks. The weighted digital inclusive financial index compiled by Peking University is used to measure the development level of digital inclusive finance. Secondly, the calculated performance of commercial banks is taken as the explanatory variable, and digital inclusive finance is taken as the core explanatory variable of this paper. After the control variables at the macro level and micro level are added, unbalanced panel data regression is conducted. Finally, the model is tested for robustness and heterogeneity.

Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: 1） Digital inclusive finance is negatively related to the performance level of China's commercial banks; 2） The impact of digital inclusive finance on the performance of different types of commercial banks is different, specifically: the performance decline of large state-owned joint-stock commercial banks caused by the development of digital inclusive finance is smaller than that of non-state-owned joint-stock commercial banks.Finally, this paper makes a research summary, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, including: first, increasing investment in science and technology to improve the level of financial products and services; Second, standardize risk management to ensure the healthy and stable development of banks; Third,improve laws and regulations to make commercial banks develop in a standardized way.