艺术学院知识库

摘 要

  史前甘青地区的人物形陶器，在造型设计手法上将雕塑艺术与彩绘艺术相结合，是新石器时代陶器中一类特殊的器物类型。人物形陶器相较于其他陶器，数量较少但造型独特，本文从设计学视角对史前甘青地区的人物形陶器进行系统阐释。甘青地区人物形陶器的发现从大地湾文化起，后经仰韶文化、马家窑文化、直至青铜时代，在如此长的时间跨度下形成了较为完整的发展序列。文章首先对人物形陶器的起源、分布区域、材料及制作方式着手分析；其次依据人物形陶器的纹样绘制与器物造型将其分为人物形纹样与人物形陶塑两大类并总结各式陶器的设计创制特点，从纹样的绘制题材上逐一进行归纳分析，就人物形陶器的创制形式进行综合研究，在此基础上运用雕塑工艺、平面绘制等相关理论知识对史前甘青地区人物形陶器的造型设计手法与特征进行论证，梳理其人物形陶器在塑造手法、纹样绘制等方面的特点；最后对史前甘青地区人物形陶器的设计功能定位与文化内涵分析，深入阐述人物形陶器在其发展演变过程中，逐渐被赋予更多的宗教行为与精神信仰内涵，充分体现了史前先民稚拙而纯朴的造物理念与设计思维。

Abstract

  he figure-shaped pottery in the prehistoric Gansu-Qingdao area combines the art of sculpture with the art of painting in the form of design, and is a special type of pottery in the Neolithic Age. Compared with other pottery, the figure-shaped pottery is small in quantity but unique in shape. This paper systematically interprets the figure-shaped pottery in the prehistoric Ganqing area from the perspective of design. The discovery of figure-shaped pottery in the Gansu-Qingdao area started from the Dadiwan Culture, then passed through the Yangshao Culture, the Majiayao Culture, and finally the Bronze Age, forming a relatively complete development sequence over such a long time span. The article first analyzes the origin, distribution area, materials and production methods of figure-shaped pottery; secondly, according to the pattern drawing and object modeling of figure-shaped pottery, it is divided into two categories: figure-shaped pattern and figure-shaped pottery sculpture, and summarizes the characteristics of various pottery. The characteristics of design and creation are summarized and analyzed one by one from the drawing themes of the patterns, and a comprehensive study is carried out on the creation form of figure-shaped pottery. The design methods and characteristics are demonstrated, and the characteristics of the figure-shaped pottery in shaping techniques and pattern drawing are reviewed. Finally, the design function positioning and cultural connotation of the figure-shaped pottery in the prehistoric Gansu and Qing Dynasties are analyzed, and the development and evolution of the figure-shaped pottery in its development and evolution are discussed in depth. In the process, it was gradually endowed with more religious behavior and spiritual belief, which fully reflected the naive and simple creation concept and design thinking of the prehistoric ancestors.